Family caregivers’ perception and response to COVID-19 in caring for older adults with chronic diseases: A qualitative study
https://doi.org/10.52235/lp.v7i2.721
Keywords:
Covid-19, family caregivers, Indonesia, older adults, perceptionAbstract
Background: The older adult is the vulnerable group to infecting COVID-19 and most of them live with their families. The family must take care of them while they face various problems during the pandemic. It will probably tend to more stress and burden so the understanding of their perception and response on dealing with older adults with chronic diseases is vital.
Objective: This study explored exploring about perceptions and responses of family caregiver’s older adults with chronic diseases about COVID-19 disease.
Methods: The study used qualitative descriptive phenomenology by using online semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of older adults with chronic diseases in Samarinda, Indonesia from September to November 2021. Sixteen family caregivers of older adults participated that was using purposive sampling method. The data analysis conducted by Collaizi technique and rigor process were included peer debriefing with peers, member checking of the outcome, and inquiry audit.
Results: After qualitative analysis, three main themes emerged: 1) Views of older adult families on covid-19 disease (positive and negative views on Covid-19 disease); 2) Older adult family caregiver responses in facing covid-19 vaccination of older adult with chronic diseases (negative thoughts about vaccinations, family efforts to facilitate vaccination for the older adult); 3) Families facilitate traditional medicine are an option that is of interest to the older adult to prevent and deal with covid-19 disease (opinions of the older adult to consume herbal medicine, reasons for older adult consuming herbal medicine).
Conclusion: This study showed that Indonesian older adult family caregivers have various perceptions and responses to older adults with chronic diseases during the pandemic. The government needs to enhance health promotion regarding COVID-19 and vaccination. Older people commonly use herbal medicine, so information about ingredients and dose must be educated properly.
Downloads
References
Alam, Md. S., Sultana, R., & Haque, Md. A. (2022). Vulnerabilities of older adults and mitigation measures to address COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6(1), 100336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100336
Alshammari, K. F., Alradaddi, F. M., Alshammari, K. F., Almutairi, M. Q., Almakhalfi, N. S., Almeshari, R. A., & Alaezaimee, S. M. (2022). Assessment of Knowledge about Traditional Medicine Reveals Overuse as a Potential Risk for Aggravating COVID-19 and Underlying Diseases in Geriatrics and Women’s Health in the Saudi Population. Clinics and Practice, 12(3), 363–373. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract12030041
Asyary, A., Veruswati, M., Alnur, R. D., Saktiansyah, L. O. A., Sagala, L. O. H. S., Saptaputra, S. K., Oktavia, E., Herawati, M. H., Wulandari, R. A., & Moshammer, H. (2023). Determinants of COVID-19 Knowledge, Perception and Attitudes in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043713
Awijen, H., Ben Zaied, Y., & Nguyen, D. K. (2022). Covid-19 vaccination, fear and anxiety: Evidence from Google search trends. Social Science and Medicine, 297(December 2021), 114820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114820
Bari, M. S., Hossain, M. J., Ahmmed, F., Sarker, M. M. R., Khandokar, L., Chaithy, A. P., Aziz, F., Mitra, S., Emran, T. Bin, Islam, M. S., Islam, M. R., & Mohamed, I. N. (2021). Knowledge, perception, and willingness towards immunization among bangladeshi population during covid-19 vaccine rolling period. Vaccines, 9(12), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121449
Bearth, A., Luchsinger, L., & Siegrist, M. (2021). Reactions of older Swiss adults to the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey on the acceptance of and adherence to public health measures. Social Science and Medicine, 280, 114039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114039
Bennett, M. M., Douglas, M., da Graca, B., Sanchez, K., Powers, M. B., & Warren, A. M. (2022). Attitudes and personal beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine among people with COVID-19: a mixed-methods analysis. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14335-x
Chali, B. U., Melaku, T., Berhanu, N., Mengistu, B., Milkessa, G., Mamo, G., Alemu, S., & Mulugeta, T. (2021). Traditional medicine practice in the context of covid-19 pandemic: Community claim in jimma zone, oromia, ethiopia. Infection and Drug Resistance, 14, 3773–3783. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S331434
Cori, L., Curzio, O., Adorni, F., Prinelli, F., Noale, M., Trevisan, C., Fortunato, L., Giacomelli, A., & Bianchi, F. (2021). Fear of covid-19 for individuals and family members: Indications from the national cross-sectional study of the epicovid19 web-based survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063248
Fadda, M., Suggs, L. S., & Albanese, E. (2021). Willingness to vaccinate against Covid-19: A qualitative study involving older adults from Southern Switzerland. Vaccine: X, 8, 100108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100108
Ferdous, M. Z., Islam, M. S., Sikder, M. T., Mosaddek, A. S. M., Zegarra-Valdivia, J. A., & Gozal, D. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: An onlinebased cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 15(10 October), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239254
Forber-Pratt, A. J., Burdick, C. E., & Narasimham, G. (2022). Perspectives About COVID-19 Vaccination Among the Paralysis Community in the United States. Rehabilitation Psychology, 67(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000426
Handarkho, Y. D., Widyastuti, D. A. R., & Harjoseputro, Y. (2022). The effect of the social aspect, media dependency, and uncertainty against the formation of Trust toward information in social network sites: A case study of COVID-19 information in Indonesia. Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 88(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12196
Islam, M. S., Siddique, A. B., Akter, R., Tasnim, R., Sujan, M. S. H., Ward, P. R., & Sikder, M. T. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations: a cross- sectional community survey in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–11.
Jaber, R. M., Mafrachi, B., Al-Ani, A., & Shkara, M. (2021). Awareness and perception of COVID-19 among the general population: A Middle Eastern survey. PLoS ONE, 16(4 April), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250461
Jafarnezhad Dehmiani, M., Fanisaberi, L., Asadollahi, A., Bakht Abnoos, A., & Abyad, A. (2022). Conspiracy Illusion, Superstitions, and Death Anxiety of Older Adults Who Refused Covid-19 Vaccination in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study on Their Beliefs. Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228221127492
Kishore, J., U, V., Ghai, G., Heena, H., & Kumar, P. (2021). Perception and attitude towards COVID 19 vaccination: A preliminary online survey from India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(3), 3116–3121. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc
Light, S. W., Pack, A., Vela, A., Bailey, S. C., Zuleta, A., O’conor, R., & Wolf, M. S. (2022). Perceptions and Motivating Factors Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination in Latinx Older Adults in Chicago: A Local, Qualitative Perspective. Patient Preference and Adherence, 16(August), 2321–2333. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S378081
Lloyd-sherlock, P., Guntupalli, A., & Sempé, L. (2022). Age discrimination , the right to life , and COVID-19 vaccination in countries with limited resources. Journal of Social Issues, 78(November 2021), 883–899. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12561
Macy, J. T., Owens, C., Mullis, K., & Middlestadt, S. E. (2021). The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(June), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.660813
Ng, J. Y. (2020). Global research trends at the intersection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and traditional, integrative, and complementary and alternative medicine: a bibliometric analysis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03151-8
Nguyen, P. H., Tran, V. De, Pham, D. T., Dao, T. N. P., & Dewey, R. S. (2021). Use of and attitudes towards herbal medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Vietnam. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 44(February), 101328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101328
O’Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine, 89(9), 1245–1251. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388
Oleribe, O., Ezechi, O., Osita-Oleribe, P., Olawepo, O., Musa, A. Z., Omoluabi, A., Fertleman, M., Salako, B. L., & Taylor-Robinson, S. D. (2020). Public perception of COVID-19 management and response in Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 10(10), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041936
Pakalniškienė, V., Kairys, A., Jurkuvėnas, V., Mikuličiūtė, V., & Ivleva, V. (2022). Could Belief in Fake News Predict Vaccination Behavior in the Elderly? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214901
Parvizi, M. M., Forouhari, S., Shahriarirad, R., Shahriarirad, S., Bradley, R. D., & Roosta, L. (2022). Prevalence and associated factors of complementary and integrative medicine use in patients afflicted with COVID-19. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03722-x
Pranskuniene, Z., Balciunaite, R., Simaitiene, Z., & Bernatoniene, J. (2022). Herbal Medicine Uses for Respiratory System Disorders and Possible Trends in New Herbal Medicinal Recipes during COVID-19 in Pasvalys District, Lithuania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158905
Satgas Penanganan Covid-19 Indonesia. (2022). Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Update per 28 April 2022). https://covid19.go.id/artikel/2022/04/28/situasi-covid-19-di-indonesia-update-28-april-2022
Saud, M., Mashud, M., & Ida, R. (2020). Usage of social media during the pandemic: Seeking support and awareness about COVID-19 through social media platforms. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2417
Siu, J. Y. man, Cao, Y., & Shum, D. H. K. (2022). Perceptions of and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination in older Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03000-y
Spitzer, S., Shaikh, M., & Weber, D. (2022). Older Europeans’ health perception and their adaptive behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Public Health, 32(2), 322–327. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab221
Streubert, J. H., & Carpenter, R. D. (2003). Qualitative research in nursing (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Tegegne, A. A., Mulugeta, A., Genetu, B., Endale, A., & Elias, A. (2022). Perception Towards COVID-19 Related Symptoms and Traditional Medicine Used for Their Management Among Patients and Their Attendants in Ethiopian Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infection and Drug Resistance, 15(August), 5023–5034. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S380211
Tolstrup Wester, C., Lybecker Scheel-Hincke, L., Bovil, T., Andersen-Ranberg, K., Juel Ahrenfeldt, L., & Christian Hvidt, N. (2022). Prayer frequency and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older adults in Europe. Vaccine, 40(44), 6383–6390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.044
Widayati, A. (2021). Knowledge, Perceptions, and Awareness Related to COVID-19 Among the Indonesian Adults During the Outbreak’s Escalation Period: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 33(4), 448–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395211001655
Winship, J. M., Gendron, T., Waters, L., Chung, J., Battle, K., Cisewski, M., Gregory, M., Sargent, L., Zanjani, F., Slattum, P., Mackiewicz, M., Diallo, A., Ford, G., Falls, K., Price, E. T., & Parsons, P. L. (2022). COVID in Context: The Lived Experience of Richmond’s Low-Income Older Adults. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 8, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214221079208
Yasmin, F., Najeeb, H., Moeed, A., Naeem, U., Asghar, M. S., Chughtai, N. U., Yousaf, Z., Seboka, B. T., Ullah, I., Lin, C. Y., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.770985
Yimer, G., Ekuadzi, E., Fasinu, P., de Melo, A. C., & Pillai, G. (2021). Traditional medicines for COVID-19: Perspectives from clinical pharmacologists. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 87(9), 3455–3458. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14981
Youn, B. Y., Moon, S., Mok, K., Cheon, C., Ko, Y., Park, S., Jang, B. H., Shin, Y. C., & Ko, S. G. (2022). Use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine in nine countries: A cross-sectional multinational survey. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 71(February), 102889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102889
Zhao, N., & Zhou, G. (2020). Social Media Use and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderator Role of Disaster Stressor and Mediator Role of Negative Affect. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(4), 1019–1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12226
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bahtiar Bahtiar, Nurlaila Fitriani, Dwi Nopriyanto, Ida Ayu Kade Sri Widiastuti, Arief Andriyanto, Ikbal Fradianto, Eriyono Budi Wijoyo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
