Relationship between workload and nurses response time in the emergency room: A literature review
https://doi.org/10.52235/lp.v6i3.483
Keywords:
workload, response time, nurses, Emergency Department, nursing careAbstract
Background
The Emergency Department (ED) is a critical hospital unit that requires nurses to provide fast and accurate responses to life-threatening conditions. Nurse response time is a key quality indicator, yet delays often occur due to excessive workload. Studies suggest that high workload negatively affects response time, but a comprehensive review in the Indonesian context remains limited.
Objective
This study aimed to critically review existing literature on the relationship between nurses’ workload and response time in emergency care settings in Indonesia.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Articles published between 2019 and 2025 were screened based on inclusion criteria: studies conducted in Indonesian EDs, discussing both workload and response time, available in full-text, and written in English or Indonesian. Quality appraisal was performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools, resulting in 8 eligible articles out of 360 initially identified.
Results
Most of the reviewed studies found a significant relationship between high workload and delayed nurse response time. Nurses with lower workload were more likely to meet the ≤5-minute standard. Other influencing factors included training, years of experience, facility infrastructure, and patient condition. Variations in study design, data collection methods, and perspectives (nurses vs. patients) contributed to inconsistent findings across studies.
Conclusion
Nurse workload significantly influences response time in emergency settings. However, this relationship is affected by multiple interacting factors such as work environment, professional competency, and support systems. It is recommended to implement real-time workload assessment tools, enhance training programs, and conduct mixed-method studies that differentiate physical, mental, and emotional workload dimensions to improve emergency response performance and patient safety.
Downloads
References
Absari, L. F. L. C. (2024). Response Time Perawat Dalam Penanganan Pasien Di Triage Merah IGD RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan - VOKASI UNAIR. https://vokasi.unair.ac.id/gambaran-response-time-perawat-dalam-penanganan-pasien-di-triage-merah-igd/
Adril, R., & Ilyas, J. (2024). Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Tanggap (Response Time) Tenaga Kesehatan Pada Penanganan Pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit: Literature Review. PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT, 8(3), 7429–7440. https://doi.org/10.31004/PREPOTIF.V8I3.38855
Afifah, R., Wreksagung, H., & Sari, R. P. (2022). Relationship of Nurse Workload with Response Time in Handling of Patients In ER (Emergency Room) General Hospital of Tangerang Regency in 2021. Nusantara Hasana Journal, 1(9), Page. https://nusantarahasanajournal.com/index.php/nhj/article/view/234
Bahriadi, M., Garming, A. L., & Firdaus, R. (2023). The Relationship between Workload and Working Period with Nurse Response Time in Patient Handling at the Emergency Room of RSUD Dr. Abdul Rivai. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(5), 887–894. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v2i5.4030
Bakhoum, N., Gerhart, C., Schremp, E., Jeffrey, A. D., Anders, S., France, D., & Ward, M. J. (2021). A Time and Motion Analysis of Nursing Workload and Electronic Health Record Use in the Emergency Department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 47(5), 733–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2021.03.007
Cho, A., Min, I. K., Hong, S., Chung, H. S., Lee, H. S., & Kim, J. H. (2022). Effect of Applying a Real-Time Medical Record Input Assistance System With Voice Artificial Intelligence on Triage Task Performance in the Emergency Department: Prospective Interventional Study. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(8), e39892. https://doi.org/10.2196/39892
Dareda, K., Yahya, I. M., & Cawangi, P. (2021). Hubungan Beban Kerja dengan Waktu Tanggap Perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD M.W. Maramis Minahasa Utara. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(3), 84–90. https://journal.amikveteran.ac.id/index.php/index/login?source=%2Findex.php%2Fjikki%2Farticle%2Fview%2F237
Hobgood, C., Villani, J., & Quattlebaum, R. (2005). Impact of emergency department volume on registered nurse time at the bedside. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 46(6), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.07.014
Junaidah, J., Wardhani, U. C., & Muharni, S. (2023). Hubungan Beban Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Dengan Tingkat Stres Perawat Di RS X Kota Batam. SAINTEKES: Jurnal Sains, Teknologi Dan Kesehatan, 2(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.55681/SAINTEKES.V2I2.40
Kusuma, M. I. A. (2021). Hubungan Beban Kerja Terhadap Tingkat Stres Kerja Perawat Intensif di RSUD Al Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2015. Jurnal Kesehatan Al-Irsyad, 14(1), 35–42.
Marota, S. J., Muzakkir, M., & Sabil, F. A. (2024). Hubungan Beban Kerja Perawat Dengan Waktu Tanggap Darurat Di Ruangan Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara. JIMPK : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan, 4(2), 152–156. https://doi.org/10.35892/JIMPK.V4I2.1431
Muti, R. T., & Dwilingga, Z. (2023). Relationship Between Workload with Response Time at Nurses Er IGD RSI Banjarnegara. Menara Journal of Health Science, 2(2), 265–275. https://jurnal.iakmikudus.org/index.php/mjhs
Ningsih, P., Wahid, A., & Setiawan, H. (2019). Beban Kerja Perawat dengan Waktu Tanggap Pelayanan Keperawatan Berdasarkan Kategori Triage. Nerspedia, 1, 20–27. https://nerspedia.ulm.ac.id/index.php/nerspedia/article/view/8
Norhidayat, M., Hamzah, H., & Solikin, S. (2023). Hubungan Pelatihan, Lama Kerja dan Kondisi Pasien dengan Response Time Perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat. Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius, 5(2), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.31539/JKA.V5I2.7700
Onibala, E. (2021). Hubungan Beban Kerja Perawat Dengan Response Time Pada Penanganan Pasien di IGD Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Manado. Journal Of Community & Emergency, 9(3). https://ejournal.unpi.ac.id/index.php/JOCE/article/view/511
Pangalila, N. P., Mastur, V., & Hamel, R. (2020). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN RESPONSE TIME PERAWAT DALAM KETEPATAN PENANGANAN PASIEN DI IGD RUMAH SAKIT ADVENT MANADO. Journal Of Community & Emergency, 8(3). https://ejournal.unpi.ac.id/index.php/JOCE/article/view/384
Purwanti, E. (2022). The Relationship between Heavy Workload and the Nurse’s Performance. International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies, 02(06), 445–450. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v2-i6-01
Rilla, E. V. (2025). Hubungan Beban Kerja Perawat dengan Respon Time Perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Puskesmas Tarogong Kaler. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP), 8(1), 1165–1173. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v8i1.41541
Sugianto, S., Rammang, S., & Rahman, A. (2023). Hubungan Beban Kerja terhadap Waktu Tanggap Perawat Gawat Darurat Menurut Persepsi Pasien di Ruang IGD Rumah Sakit Banggai Laut. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 21685–21693. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/9946
Tampubolon, E. S. F. B., Iskandarini, I., & Absah, Y. (2024). Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Perawat melalui Kepuasan Kerja Pada RS XYZ. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 6(4), 1602–1609. https://doi.org/10.34007/JEHSS.V6I4.2171
Wahyuni, S., & Latjui, S. A. (2020). Hubungan Beban Kerja Perawat Dengan Respons Time Perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD Bitung. Jurnal Keperawatan Sisthana, 2(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.55606/jufdikes.v2i1.88
Yulia, R. (2022). Hubungan Lama Kerja dan Pelatihan dengan Ketepatan Waktu Tanggap Penanganan Pasien Di IGD RSHB Batam. Ahmar Metastasis Health Journal, 2(3), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.53770/AMHJ.V2I3.142
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 M Iqbal Angga Kusuma, Eva Riantika Ratna Palupi, Nandar Wirawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
